Saturday, 23 December 2017

Udaipur-Maharana Pratap





                                                           Raja Maharana Paratap

In 1568 during the reign of Pratap's father, Udai Singh II, Chittor Fort was conquered by the Mughal emperor Akbar after the third Jauhar.[Udai Singh and his family had left before the capture and moved to the foothills of the Aravalli Range where Udai Singh had already founded the city of Udaipurin 1559.[5] Rani Dheer Bai wanted her son Jagmal to succeed Udai Singh[6] but senior courtiers preferred Pratap, as the eldest son, to be their king. The desire of the nobles prevailed.[citation needed]

Battle of Haldighati[edit]

Main article: Battle of Haldighati
The grim Siege of Chittorgarh in 1568 had led to the loss of the fertile eastern belt of Mewar to the Mughals. However, the rest of the wooded and hilly kingdom was still under the control of the Rana. The Mughal emperor Akbarwas intent on securing a stable route to Gujarat through Mewar; when Pratap Singh was crowned king (Rana) in 1572, Akbar sent a number of envoys entreating the Rana to become a vassal like many other Rajput leaders in the region. When the Rana refused to personally submit to Akbar, war became inevitable.[7][8]
The Battle of Haldighati was a battle fought on 18 June 1576 between Maharana Pratap and Akbar's forces led by Man Singh I of Amber. The Mughals were the victors and inflicted significant casualties among the Mewaris but failed to capture Pratap, who escaped. The site of the battle was a narrow mountain pass at Haldighati near Gogundain Rajasthan. Maharana Pratap fielded a force of around 3,000 cavalry and 400 Bhil archers. The Mughals were led by Raja Man Singh of Amber, who commanded an army numbering around 5,000–10,000 men. After a fierce battle lasting more than three hours, Pratap found himself wounded and the day lost. While a few of his men bought him time, he managed to make an escape to the hills and lived to fight another day. The casualties for Mewar numbered around 160 men. The Mughal army lost 1500 men, with another 350 wounded.[9]
Haldighati was a futile victory for the Mughals, as they were unable to oust Maharana Pratap. While they were able to capture Gogunda and nearby areas, they were unable to hold onto them for long. As soon as the empire's focus shifted elsewhere, Pratap and his army came out of hiding and recaptured the western regions of his dominion.[10]

After the Battle of Haldighati[edit]

On the third day after the Battle of Haldighati, on 23 June 1576, Man Singh I conquered Gogunda[11] which was later recaptured by Pratap in July 1576.[12] Pratap then made Kumbhalgarh his temporary capital.[13] After that, Emperor Akbar decided to personally lead the campaign against Pratap.[citation needed] In the process, Gogunda, Udaipur and Kumbhalgarh were occupied by the Mughals, forcing the Rana deeper into the mountainous tracts of southern Mewar.[citation needed] Mughal pressure was exerted on the Afghan chief of Jalor, and the Rajput chiefs of Idar, Sirohi, Banswara, Dungarpur, and Bundi. These states, situated on the borders of Mewar with Gujarat and Malwa had traditionally acknowledged the supremacy of the dominant power in the region. Consequently, the rulers of these states submitted to the Mughals. A Mughal expedition was also sent to Bundi where Duda, the elder son of Rao Surjan Hada, had collaborated with Pratap to take control over Bundi and adjacent areas. Both Surjan Hada and Bhoj, the father and younger brother of Duda, took part in this conflict in support of the Mughals. After a Mughal victory, Duda escaped to the hills and Bundi was conferred upon Bhoj. At this point Pratap found himself isolated and marginalised in Rajput affairs.[14][page needed]

Resurgence[edit]

Mughal pressure on Mewar relaxed after 1579 following rebellions in Bengal and Bihar and Mirza Hakim's incursion into the Punjab. In 1585, Akbar moved to Lahore and remained there for the next twelve years watching the situation in the north-west. No Mughal expedition was sent to Mewar during this period. Taking advantage of the situation, Pratap recovered many of his lost territories including Kumbhalgarh, Udaipur, Gogunda, Ranthambore and the areas around Chittor, although not Chittor itself. During this period, he also built a new capital, Chavand, near modern Dungarpur.[14][page needed] His successful defiance of Mughals using guerrilla strategy also proved inspirational to figures ranging from Shivaji to anti-British revolutionaries in Bengal.[15][unreliable source?]

Death and legacy[edit]

Reportedly, Pratap died of injuries sustained in a hunting accident[16] at Chavand, which served as his capital,[17] on 29[citation needed] January 1597, aged 57.[18] A chhatri (monument) at the site of Pratap's funeral in Chavand is an important tourist attraction.[unreliable source?]
According to Satish Chandra -
"Rana Pratap's defiance of the mighty Mughal empire, almost alone and unaided by the other Rajput states, constitute a glorious saga of Rajput valour and the spirit of self sacrifice for cherished principles. Rana Pratap's methods of sporadic warfare was later elaborated further by Malik Ambar, the Deccani general, and by Shivaji".[19]


Beautiful poem

पीथल और पाथल
अरे घास री रोटी ही‚ जद बन–बिलावड़ो ले भाग्यो।
नान्हों सो अमर्यो चीख पड़्यो‚ राणा रो सोयो दुःख जाग्यो।
हूँ लड़्यो घणो‚ हूँ सह्यो घणो‚ मेवाड़ी मान बचावण नै।
मैं पाछ नहीं राखी रण में‚ बैर्यां रो खून बहावण नै।
जब याद करूँ हल्दीघाटी‚ नैणां में रगत उतर आवै।
सुख–दुख रो साथी चेतकड़ो‚ सूती सी हूक जगा जावै।
पण आज बिलखतो देखूँ हूँ‚ जद राजकंवर नै‚ रोटी नै।
तो क्षात्र धर्म नै भूलूँ हूँ‚ भूलूँ हिंदवाणी चोटी नै।
आ सोच हुई दो टूक तड़क‚ राणा री भीम बजर छाती।
आँख्यां मैं आँसू भर बोल्यो‚ हूँ लिखस्यूँ अकबर नै पाती।
राणा रो कागद बाँच हुयो‚ अकबर रो सपनो–सो सांचो।
पण नैण कर्या बिसवास नहीं‚ जद् बाँच बाँच नै फिर बाँच्यो।
बस दूत इसारो पा भाज्यो‚ पीथल नै तुरत बुलावण नै।
किरणां रो पीथल आ पुग्यो‚ अकबर रो भरम मिटावण नै।
“म्हें बांध लियो है पीथल! सुण‚ पिंजरा में जंगली सेर पकड़।
यो देख हाथ रो कागद है‚ तू देखां फिरसी कियां अकड़।
हूं आज पातस्या धरटी रो‚ मेवाड़ी पाग पगां में है।
अब बता मनै किण रजवट नै‚ रजपूती खून रगां में है”।
जद पीथल कागद ले देखी‚ राणा री सागी सैनांणी।
नीचै सूं धरती खिसक गयी‚ आख्यों मैं भर आयो पाणी।
पण फेर कही तत्काल संभल “आ बात सफा ही झूठी है।
राणा री पाग सदा ऊंची‚ राणा राी आन अटूटी है।
“ज्यो हुकुम होय तो लिख पूछूँ, राणा नै कागद रै खातर।”
“लै पूछ भला ही पीथल! तू‚ आ बात सही” बोल्यो अकबर।
“म्हें आज सुणी है‚ नाहरियो, स्याला रै सागै सोवैलो।
म्हें आज सुणी है‚ सूरजड़ो‚ बादल री आंटा खोवैलो”
पीथल रा आखर पढ़ता ही‚ राणा राी आँख्यां लाल हुई।
“धिक्कार मनै‚ हूँ कायर हूँ” नाहर री एक दकाल हुई।
“हूँ भूख मरूं‚ हूँ प्यास मरूं‚ मेवाड़ धरा आजाद रहै।
हूँ घोर उजाड़ां मैं भटकूँ‚ पण मन में माँ री याद रह्वै”
पीथल के खिमता बादल री‚ जो रोकै सूर उगाली नै।
सिंहा री हाथल सह लेवै‚ वा कूंख मिली कद स्याली ने।
जद राणा रो संदेश गयो‚ पीथल री छाती दूणी ही। 
हिंदवाणों सूरज चमके हो‚ अकबर री दुनियां सूनी ही।
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Thursday, 21 December 2017

History of Dal-Bati-Churma





                                            History of Dal-Bati-Churma

Not many know the story behind the origin of Rajasthan's traditional dish, Daal Baati Churma. We traced the history behind the dish and how it made its way from Rajput battlefield to the Mughal court.



Rajasthani food is incomplete without the mention of the famed Dal-Baati-Churma. It consists of baatis or flaky round breads baked over firewood or over kandas (i.e. cow dung cakes) as done in villages. Baatis can be baked in a gas tandoor or an electric oven as well. But one thing common for baatis, irrespective of their cooking technique is that they are always served dipped in ghee accompanied with panchmel or panch kutti dal and churma. The dal is cooked with ghee, the masalas in the dal are fried in ghee and more ghee is mixed into the dal before serving. Often a large batch of baatis is made and part of the dough is left unsalted. This unsalted dough then shaped into rounds and deep fried in ghee. Later these deep fried baatis are crushed and sugar or jaggery is mixed into them to make a sweet dessert- churma. The three together, simple though they sound, make a very filling meal. No Rajasthani festive or wedding menu is complete without this popular recipe.
Preparation Time : 20 mins.
Cooking Time : 1hour
Serves 5.

Ingredients

    For the panchmel dal
  • 1/3 cup chana dal (split Bengal gram)
  • 1/3 cup toovar (arhar) dal
  • 1/3 cup moong dal (split green gram)
  • 1 tbsp urad dal (split black lentils)
  • 1 tbsp whole moong (whole green gram)
  • 3 tsp chilli powder
  • 1/4 tsp turmeric powder (haldi)
  • 1 tsp coriander (dhania) powder
  • 1/2 tsp garam masala
  • 3 cloves (laung / lavang)
  • 2 bayleaves (tejpatta)
  • 1 tsp cumin seeds (jeera)
  • 2 green chillies, slit
  • a pinch of asafoetida (hing)
  • 2 tsp dried mango powder (amchur)
  • 2 tsp tamarind (imli) pulp
  • 3 tbsp ghee
  • salt to taste
    For the baatis (for 10 baatis)
  • 1 cup whole wheat flour (gehun ka atta)
  • 1/2 cup semolina (rava)
  • 2 tbsp besan (Bengal gram flour)
  • 8 tbsp milk
  • 4 tbsp melted ghee
  • salt to taste
    For serving
  • melted ghee
  • churma

Method

    For the panchmel dal
  • Clean and wash the dals and add 4 cups of water. Pressure cook for 2 to 3 whistles or till the dals are cooked.
  • In a bowl, combine the chilli powder, turmeric powder, coriander powder, garam masala with 3 tablespoons of water and mix well. Keep aside.
  • Heat the ghee in a pan and add the cloves, bay leaves, cumin seeds, green chillies and asafoetida. When the cumin seeds crackle, add the prepared masala paste and saut for 1 to 2 minutes.
  • Add the cooked dals, amchur, tamarind pulp and salt and simmer for 5 to 7 minutes. Adjust the consistency of the dal before serving and if required, add some water.
    For the baatis
  • Mix all the ingredients and knead into a firm dough. Knead well for 5 to 7 minutes.
  • Divide the dough into 10 equal portions and shape each portion into an even sized round. Flatten the rounds lightly using your thumb to make an indentation in the centre of the baati.
  • Boil water in a broad vessel and drop the baatis in the boiling water. Cook for 15 to 20 minutes over a high flame.
  • When the baatis are done, drain and keep aside.
  • Heat a gas tandoor and put the baatis on the grill of the tandoor. Cook them on a medium flame for 20 to 25 minutes. Cooking the baatis over a medium flame will ensure that the baatis are cooked on the insides also.
  • Arrange the baatis on a serving plate, break each baati into two pieces and pour melted ghee on the baatis.
    How to proceed
  • Pour hot panchmel dal over the baatis.
  • Serve hot with churma.
    Tips
  • You can cook the baatis in a gas tandoor (without boiling them).
  • Alternatively bake the boiled baatis in a pre-heated oven at 200°C (400°F) for 10 to 15 minutes turning them over occasionally.
  • Or even deep fry them in hot ghee instead of cooking them in a tandoor.



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Monday, 18 December 2017

Kalbelia Dance-(rajasthan)





                                                              Kalbelia Dance


 Kalbelia or Kabeliya is one of the most sensuous dance forms of Rajasthan , performed by a tribe of the same name.[1] They are famous for their dance which is an integral part of their culture. Both men and women in the tribe participate in this activity to celebrate joyful occasions.

Klbelia tribe:-
Traditionally, Kalbelia men carried cobras in cane baskets from door to door in villages while their women sang and danced and begged for alms. They revere the cobra and advocate non-killing of the reptile. In the villages, if a snake inadvertently entered a home, then a Kalbelia would be summoned to catch the serpent and to take it away without killing it. Kalbelias have traditionally been a fringe group in society living in spaces outside the village where they reside in makeshift camps called deras. The Kalbelias move their deras from one place to another in a circuitous route repeated over time. Over the generations, the Kalbelias acquired a unique understanding of the local flora and fauna, and are aware of herbal remedies for various diseases which is an alternative source of income for them.The Kalbelias were known for their frequent movement from one place to another in ancient times. Their traditional occupation is catching snakes and trading snake venom. Hence, the dance movements and the costumes of their community bear a resemblance to that of the serpents. They are also known as Sapera, Jogira or Jogi. They trace their ancestry from Kanlipar, the 12th disciple of Guru Gorakhnath. The largest number of the population of Kalbelias is in Pali district, then Ajmer, Chittorgarh and Udaipur district. They live a nomadic life and belong to the scheduled tribes.[2][3]
Since the enactment of the Wildlife Act of 1972, the Kalbelias have been pushed out of their traditional profession of snake handling. Today, performing arts are a major source of income for them and these have received widespread recognition within and outside India. However, performance opportunities are sporadic and since the whole community is not involved in it on a regular basis, many members of the community work in the fields, or graze cattle to sustain themselves.

Kalbelia Dance:-
The Kalbelia dance, performed to celebrate any joyful moment in the community, is an integral part of Kalbelia culture. Their dances and songs are a matter of pride and a marker of identity for the Kalbelias and they represent the creative adaptation of this community of snake charmers to changing socioeconomic conditions and their own role in rural Rajasthani society.
The dancers are women in flowing black skirts who dance and swirl, replicating the movements of a serpent. The upper body cloth is called Angrakhi and a piece of cloth worn on head known as Odhani similarly the lower body cloth is called Lengha. All these cloths are mixed in red and black hues and embroidered in such a way that when these dancers perform these clothes represent a combination of colours soothing to eyes as well as to the atmosphere.
The male participants take care of the musical part of the dance. They use the different instruments such as the pungi, a woodwind instrument traditionally played to capture snakes, the dufli, been, the khanjari - a percussion instrument, morchang, khuralio and the dholak to create the rhythm on which the dancers perform. The dancers are tattooed in traditional designs and wear jewelry and garments richly embroidered with small mirrors and silver thread. As the performance progresses, the rhythm becomes faster and faster and so does the dance.[4]
Kalbelia songs are based on stories taken from folklore and mythology and special dances are performed during Holi. The Kalbelia have a reputation for composing lyrics spontaneously and improvising songs during performances. These songs and dances are part of an oral tradition that is handed down generations and for which there are neither texts nor training manuals. In 2010, the Kalbelia folk songs and dances of Rajasthan were declared a part of its Intangible Heritage List by the UNESCO.
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Thursday, 14 December 2017

#Motivational_speech





                        Motivational_Speech-Muniba Mazari Baloch

Muniba Mazari Baloch born 3 March 1987 is a Pakistani artist, model, activist, motivational speaker and television host. She uses a wheelchair due to injuries sustained in a car accident at the age of 21 which makes her Pakistan's first wheelchair bound model. She is also the National Ambassador for UN Women Pakistan. She is also a singer and activist.



Muniba Mazari is of Baloch background. In 2007, Muniba met with an accident on her way to her hometown, Balochistan, where the driver fell asleep and drove the car into a ditch but he jumped and saved himself. That accident has made her paraplegic, but despite initial struggles to support her family, has softened her spirit for helping others. Along with philanthropic efforts, she has established her brand known as Muniba’s Canvas with the slogan Let Your Walls Wear Colors. Her medium is acrylics on canvas.



Muniba Mazari Baloch, who currently serves as the National Ambassador for UN Women Pakistan and has participated as a motivational speaker at various conferences and forums, her first break being TEDx Islamabad. She was one of the two Pakistanis to be named BBCs 100 most inspirational women in 2015, and works as an occasional anchor at PTV, being their first wheelchair-using anchor. Additionally, Muniba is the first wheelchair-using model for the Toni&Guy in Pakistan, featured in Forbes 30 under 30 in 2016, and head of CSR for Chughtai Labs.



Muniba has given motivational talks on various platforms like TEDx, Entrepreneurs’ Organization (EO), Young Presidents’ Organization (YPO), Youth Entrepreneur Organization (YEO), Global Leadership Conference (GLC) 2016, VCon Malaysia 2017, Leadership Summit Pakistan, etc. She is Pakistan’s first Goodwill Ambassador for UN Women. Muniba is one of the Forbes 30 under 30 for 2016 in Media and Marketing Category and is also the anchor person of Pakistan’s National Television.



Muniba Mazari decided to find her inner strength by using art as a tool after a car accident which left her paralysed, nine years ago. A dreamer, Ms Mazari chose art as a way to break free from the fetters of her physical disability and transcend into the vibrant world of her dreams. Her art is a glimpse into her aspirations in life, her fears and her never fading hope. It is a depiction of memories that may have once haunted her but have now transformed into opportunities, passion and resilience. She is running her brand by the name 'Muniba's Canvas'. Her paintings are not merely paintings, they depict her life story. They are dwellings from the beautiful dreams that have pushed her to achieve what many abled people have failed to achieve.



Ms Mazari started her professional career as a content writer. She has worked with Toni & Guy in 'Woman of Substance' campaign. That makes her asia's first wheelchair bound model. She's a social Activist who works with the schools which particularly cater the needs of less privileged children. As brand ambassador for Chughtai Lab Pakistan, medical camps are being organised in different cities of pakistan particularly in those schools who give free education to those who are less fortunate. These camps include free diagnostics and medical tests of all kinds, free medical advice, medicines, parents and teacher counselling, lessons on personal hygiene and a lot more. The main aim behind this initiative is to provide free medical facilities to those who can't afford it.



She is Asia's first wheelchair bound television host who works as an anchor person for National TV of pakistan. She was BBC's one the 100 influential women from the world this year. She is one of the pond's miracle mentors. She's a motivational speaker and has been recently nominated as the very first Goodwill Ambassador for UN Women Pakistan.


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Sunday, 10 December 2017

Chooti si umar LYRICS (rajasthani folk song0





                                                                 LYRICS

                          Choti si umar, parnayi o babosa, kaai tharo karyo mhe kasoor



Choti si umar, parnayi o babosa, kaai tharo karyo mhe kasoor?
Itra dina to mhane laad ladaya, ab kyu karo sa mhane door?
Choti si umar, parnayi o babosa, kaai tharo karyo mhe kasoor?
Itra dina to mhane laad ladaya, ab kyu karo sa mhane door?
Haaaaaaa….
Thare pipaliye ri bholi me chidkali, they chaho to udd jaau sa
Mhe to babasa thare khoonte ri gavadli, toro jathe he tur jaau sa
Bhejo to bhejo sa marji hai thari, sawan me bulayjo jarur
Choti si umar, parnayi o babosa, kaai tharo karyo mhe kasoor?
Haaaaaa…
Tha ghar janmi, tha ghar kheli, ab kyu bhejo door?
Aage badhu to pag pachha pade mharo kaljiyo thar thar dhooje.
Mukh se to bolo, mhara aansuda he bole, hivdo bharyo hai bharpur.
Choti si umar, parnayi o babosa, kaai tharo karyo mhe kasoor?
Sang ri sahelya aao aapa gale mil lya, feru kad milno hovesa.
Bhai bhabhi mavad li se jaau me bichhad ke, aankhadlya mhari rove sa.
Kaai karu mhane nibhano padego, duniya ko yo dastoor.
Choti si umar, parnayi o babosa, kaai tharo karyo mhe kasoor?
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Saturday, 9 December 2017

#Rajasthan



#jodhpur-ummed bhawan





Rajasthan is the largest state of India, it is one of the most popular tourism destinations in India. This state has great tourism potential and enthralls tourists and vacationers with its awe-inspiring tourism options in the forms of culture, tradition, temples, art & architecture, history, forts & palaces, monument, havelis, wildlife sanctuaries & parks, rippling sand dunes, Thar Desert etc.
There are many fascinating travel destinations in the state which can be visited, explored and enjoyed on your travel and tours in this royal state of India.







#india#rajasthan#jodhpur-mehargan fort
Country
 India
Established26 January 1950
CapitalJaipur
Largest cityJaipur
Districts33 total
Area
 • Total342,239 km2(132,139 sq mi)
Area rank1st
Population (2011)[1]
 • Total68,548,437
 • Rank7th
 • Density200/km2 (520/sq mi)
Demonym(s)Rajasthani
Time zoneIST (UTC+05:30)
ISO 3166 codeIN-RJ
Vehicle registrationRJ-
Literacy67% (35th)
Official languageHindi[2]
Website
rajasthan.gov.in

Etymology:-

The first mention of the name "Rajasthan" appears in the 1829 publication Annals and Antiquities of Rajast'han or the Central and Western Rajpoot States of India, while the earliest known record of "Rajputana" as a name for the region is in George Thomas's 1800 memoir Military Memories.[8] John Keay, in his book India: A History, stated that "Rajputana" was coined by the British in 1829, John Briggs, translating Ferishta's history of early Islamic India, used the phrase "Rajpoot (Rajput) princes" rather than "Indian princes"



History:






  • Ancient history:- Intially Meena ruled in the region of jaipur and east Rajasthan





The ancient civilised history of Rajasthan goes back to 5,000 years ago when in the present day districts of Jhunjhunu and Sikar, along with other areas of jaipur district bordering south Haryana, which formed the part of Vedic state of Brahmavartaalong with districts of Mahendragarh and Rewari in Haryana, that Vedic seers started composing Vedic scriptures, which form part of Sanatan Dharma, the base of present day Hinduism. Revered Saraswati and Drishadwati rivers formed the then Brahmavarta state. Drishadwati river is identified as the Vedic Drishadwati by Bhargava.[1] Parts of Rajasthan may have been occupied by the Indus Valley Civilization (Harappans). Excavations at Kalibanga in northern Rajasthan around 1998 revealed the existence of human settlements of Harappan times on the banks of a river that dried up later, which some people believe to be the Saraswati, archaeologists hope the Saraswati will unlock mysteries of the past. Rajasthan's geographic position in India has caused it to be affected by the expansionist efforts of various empires. It was a part of the Maurya Empire around 321-184 BCE.







  • After the defeat of Chauhan around 1200, a part of Rajasthan came under Muslim rulers. The principal centers of their powers were Nagaur and Ajmer. Ranthambhorwas also under their suzerainty. At the beginning of the 13th century, the most prominent and powerful state of Rajasthan was Mewar. The Rajputs resisted the Muslim incursions into India, although a number of Rajput kingdoms eventually became subservient to the Delhi Sultanate. Mewar led others in resistance to Muslim rule: Rana Sanga united the various Rajput clans and fought against the foreign powers in India. Rana Sanga defeated the Afghan Lodi Empire of Delhi and crushed the Turkic Sultanates of Malwa and Gujarat. Rana Sanga was later defeated at Khanwa aginst the Mughal Empire because of treachery from the Tomar king Silhadi.
    Akbar arranged matrimonial alliances to gain the trust of Rajput rulers. He himself married the Rajput princess Jodha Bai, the daughter of the Maharaja of Amer. He also granted high offices to a large number of Rajput princes and this maintained very cordial relations with them. Before long, these actions caused many previously hostile Rajputs to be his friends, and many of them surrendered their kingdoms to him. Rulers like Raja Maan Singh of Amer were trusted allies. However, some Rajput rulers were not ready to accept Akbar’s dominance and preferred to remain independent. One such ruler was Raja Uday Singh of Mewar, who founded the city of Udaipur. He never accepted Akbar's supremacy and was at constant war with him. Akbar forcefully seized Chittor, his capital. After his death, this struggle was continued by his son – Rana Pratap. He fought a terrible battle with Akbar at the Haldighat pass where he was defeated and wounded. Since then Rana Pratap remained in recluse for 12 years and attacked the Mughal ruler from time to time. He fought valiantly throughout his life never ceded his independence to the Mughal ruler.




  • Rajput martial history:-Rajput families rose to prominence in the 6th century CE. The Rajputs put up a valiant resistance to the Islamic invasions and protected the Indian subcontinent with their warfare and chivalry for more than 1000 years. Later, the Turks, Afghans and Persians through skilled warfare, were able to get a firm grip on northern India, including parts of Rajasthan. The Rana's of Mewar led other kingdoms in its resistance to outside rule. Rana Hammir Singh, defeated the Tughlaq dynasty and recovered a large portion of Rajasthan. The indomitable Rana Kumbha defeated the Sultans of Malwa and Gujarat and made Mewar the most powerful Rajput Kingdom in India. The ambitious Rana Sangaunited the various Rajput clans and fought against the foreign powers in India. Rana Sanga defeated the Afghan Lodi Empire of Delhi and crushed the Turkic Sultanates of Malwa and Gujarat. Rana Sanga then tried to create an Indian empire but was defeated by the first Mughal Emperor Babur at Khanua. The defeat was due to betrayal by the Tomar king Silhadi of Raisen. After Rana Sangas death there was no one who could check the rapid expansion of the Mughal Empire.[23]



During Akbars reign most of the Rajput kings accepted Mughal Suzerainty, but the rulers of Mewar (Rana Udai Singh II) and Marwar (Rao Chandrasen Rathore) refused to have any form of alliance with the Mughals. To teach the Rajputs a lesson Akbar massacred the citizens of Rajasthan in large numbers. Akbar killed 30,000 unarmed citizens in Chittor alone. [24]


Maharana Pratap took an oath to avenge the citizens of Chittor, he fought the Mughal empire till his death and liberated most of Mewar apart from Chittor itself. Maharana Pratap soon became the most celebrated warrior of Rajasthan and became famous all over India for his sporadic warfare and noble actions. According to Satish Chandra, "Rana Pratap's defiance of the mighty Mughal empire, almost alone and unaided by the other Rajput states, constitutes a glorious saga of Rajput valour and the spirit of self sacrifice for cherished principles. Rana Pratap's methods of sporadic warfare was later elaborated further by Malik Ambar, the Deccani general, and by Shivaji".[25]


Rana Amar Singh I continued his ancestors war against the Mughal's under Jehangir, he repelled the Mughal armies at Dewar. Later an expedition was again sent under leadership of Prince Khurram, which caused much damage to life and property of Mewar.[26] Many temples were destroyed, several villages were put on fire and ladies and children were captured and tortured to make Amar Singh accept surrender.[26]


During Aurangzebs rule Rana Raj Singh I and Veer Durgadas Rathore were chief among those who defied the intolerant emperor of Delhi. They took advantage of the Aravalli hills and caused heavy damage on the Mughal armies that were trying to occupy Rajasthan.[27][28]


After Aurangzebs death Bahadur Shah I tried to subjugate Rajasthan like his ancestors but his plan backfired when the three Rajput Raja's of Amber, Udaipur and Jodhpur made a joint resistance to the Mughals. The Rajputs first expelled the commandants of Jodhpur and Bayana and recovered Amer by a night attack. They next killed Sayyid Hussain Khan Barha, the commandant of Mewat and many other Mughal officers. Bahadur Shah I, then in the Deccan was forced to patch up a truce with the Rajput Rajas.[29]





Transport:-



Rajasthan is connected by many national highways. Most renowned being NH 8, which is India's first 4–8 lane highway.[38] Rajasthan also has an inter-city surface transport system both in terms of railways and bus network. All chief cities are connected by air, rail and road.









  • Air:-There are three main airports at Rajasthan- Jaipur International Airport, Jodhpur Airport, Udaipur Airport and recently started Bikaner Airport. These airports connect Rajasthan with the major cities of India such as Delhi and Mumbai. There are two other airports in Jaisalmer, Kota but are not open for commercial/civilian flights yet. One more airport at Kishangarh, Ajmer .i.e. Kishangarh Airport is being constructed by the Airport Authority of India.




  • RAIL:-Rajasthan is connected with the main cities of India by rail.[39] Jaipur, Jodhpur, Kota, Bharatpur, Bikaner, Ajmer, Alwar, Abu Road and Udaipur are the principal railway stations in Rajasthan. Kota City is the only Electrified Section served by three Rajdhani Expresses and trains to all major cities of India. There is also an international railway, the Thar Express from Jodhpur (India) to Karachi (Pakistan). However, this is not open to foreign nationals.






















Culture:-



Rajasthan is culturally rich and has artistic and cultural traditions which reflect the ancient Indian way of life. There is rich and varied folk culture from villages which are often depicted as a symbol of the state. Highly cultivated classical music and dance with its own distinct style is part of the cultural tradition of Rajasthan. The music has songs that depict day-to-day relationships and chores, often focused around fetching water from wells or ponds.








  • Food:-Rajasthani cooking was influenced by both the war-like lifestyles of its inhabitants and the availability of ingredients in this arid region. Food that could last for several days and could be eaten without heating was preferred. The scarcity of water and fresh green vegetables have all had their effect on the cooking. It is known for its snacks like Bikaneri Bhujia. Other famous dishes include bajre ki roti (millet bread) and lashun ki chutney (hot garlic paste), mawa kachoriMirchi Bada, Pyaaj Kachori and ghevar from Jodhpur, Alwar ka Mawa(Milk Cake), malpauas from Pushkar and rassgollas from Bikaner. Originating from the Marwar region of the state is the concept Marwari Bhojnalaya, or vegetarian restaurants, today found in many parts of India, which offer vegetarian food of the Marwari people.


  • Dal-bati-churma is very popular in Rajasthan. The traditional way to serve it is to first coarsely mash the Baati then pour pure Ghee on top of it. It is served with the daal (lentils) and spicy garlic chutney. Also served with Besan (gram flour) ki kadi. It is commonly served at all festivities, including religious occasions, wedding ceremonies, and birthday parties in Rajasthan. "Dal-Baati-Churma", is a combination of three different food items — Daal (lentils), Baati and Churma (Sweet). It is a typical Rajasthani dish.


  • Ghoomar dance:-The Ghoomar dance from Jodhpur Marwar and Kalbeliya dance of Jaisalmer have gained international recognition. Folk music is a large part of Rajasthani culture. Kathputli, Bhopa, Chang, Teratali, Ghindr, Kachchhighori, and Tejaji are examples of traditional Rajasthani culture. Folk songs are commonly ballads which relate heroic deeds and love stories; and religious or devotional songs known as bhajans and banis which are often accompanied by musical instruments like dholak, sitar, and sarangi are also sung.

  • Traditional dress:- Rajasthan is known for its traditional, colourful art. The block prints, tie and dye prints, Bagaru prints, Sanganer prints, and Zari embroidery are major export products from Rajasthan. Handicraft items like wooden furniture and crafts, carpets, and blue pottery are commonly found here. Shopping reflects the colourful culture, Rajasthani clothes have a lot of mirror work and embroidery. A Rajasthani traditional dress for females comprises an ankle-length skirt and a short top, also known as a lehenga or a chaniya choli. A piece of cloth is used to cover the head, both for protection from heat and maintenance of modesty. Rajasthani dresses are usually designed in bright colours like blue, yellow and orange.







Tourism:-



Rajasthan is one of the most popular tourist destinations in India, for both domestic and international tourists. Rajasthan attracts tourists for its historical forts, palaces, art and culture. Every third foreign tourist visiting India also travels to Rajasthan as it is part of the Golden Triangle for tourists visiting India.[1][2]
Endowed with natural beauty and a great history, Rajasthan has a flourishing tourism industry. The palaces of Jaipur, lakes of Udaipur, and desert forts of Jodhpur, Bikaner & Jaisalmer are among the most preferred destinations of many tourists, Indian and foreign. Tourism accounts for eight percent of the state's domestic product. Many old and neglected palaces and forts have been converted into heritage hotels. Tourism has increased employment in the hospitality sector. The main sweet of this place is ghewar.


  • Popular tourist attractions:-

  1. Ajmer - Popular for shrine of Sufi Saikhllnt Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti and Digambar Jain Temple Soniji Ki Nasiyan.
  2. Barmer - Barmer and surrounding areas offer perfect picture of typical Rajasthani villages.
  3. Bhilwara - Popular for its textile industry. Hamirgarh Eco-park and Harni Mahadev temple are important tourist destinations.
  4. Bikaner - Famous for its havelis, palaces and temples.
  5. Chittorgarh - Popular for its monument and fort
  6. Bundi - Popular for its forts, palaces and stepwell reservoirs known as baoris.
  7. Jaipur- Known as pink city of India and the capital of Rajasthan, famous for palaces and temples.
  8. Jaisalmer - Famous for its golden fortress, havelis and some of the oldest Jain Temples and libraries.
  9. Jhalawar district - Caves like Binnayaga Buddhist caves, Hathiagor Buddhist Caves, Kolvi Caves are popular medieval architecture of India.
  10. Jodhpur - Famous for architecture & blue homes giving the name "Blue City"
  11. Kota - Famous for its gardens, palaces and Chambal river safari.
  12. Mount Abu - Popular hill station, famous for 11th century Dilwara Jain Temples and natural beauty. Highest peak in the Aravalli Range of Rajasthan, Guru Shikhar is just 15 km from the main town.
  13. Nathdwara - This town near Udaipur hosts the famous temple of Shrinathji.
  14. Neemrana - is famous for its Neemrana fort
  15. Pushkar - It has the first and one of the very few Brahma temples in the world.
  16. Ranakpur- Large Jain Temple complex with near 1444 pillars and exquisite marble carvings.
  17. Ranthambore - Situated near Sawai Madhopur. This town has historic Ranthambore Fort and one of the largest and most famous national park of India (Ranthambore National Park).
  18. Sariska Tiger Reserve - Situated in the Alwar district.
  19. Shekhawati - Located are small towns such as Mandawa and Ramgarh with frescoed havelis between 100 years to 300 years old, and Vedic period Dhosi Hill.
  20. Udaipur - Known as the "Venice of India".

  • Fairs and Festivals:-  Department of Tourism of Rajasthan Government organizes multiple fairs & festivals during the year. These festivals & fairs are great tourist attractions.Fairs organized in Rajasthan include:

  1. Camel Festival, Bikaner (January)
  2. Nagaur Fair, Nagaur (Jan-Feb.)
  3. Kite Festival (held on 14th Jan of every year)
  4. Desert Festival, Jaisalmer (Jan-Feb.)
  5. Baneshwar Fair, Baneshwar (Jan-Feb.)
  6. Gangaur Festival, Jaipur (March–April)
  7. Mewar Festival, Udaipur (March–April)
  8. Elephant Festival, Jaipur (March–April)
  9. Urs Ajmer Sharif, Ajmer (According to Lunar Calendar)
  10. Summer Festival, Mt.Abu (June)
  11. Teej Festival, Jaipur (July–August)
  12. Kajli Teej, Bundi (July–August)
  13. Dussehra Festival, Kota (October)
  14. Marwar Festival, Jodhpur (October)
  15. Pushkar Fair, Ajmer (November)
  • Historical palaces and fort:- 



Rajasthan is known for its historical hill forts & palaces, it is claimed as best place for tourism related to palaces.[3] Following are some of major palaces in Rajasthan.


  • Forts:- Rajasthan is famous even for its forts. Hill Forts of Rajasthan are also a part of world heritage.[4]

Hill forts which are in world heritage list:-


  1. Chittor Fort
  2. Kumbhalgarh Fort
  3. Ranthambore Fort
  4. Gagron Fort
  5. Amber Fort
  6. Jaisalmer Fort

Other famous forts:-

  1. Nahargarh Fort
  2. Bhatner fort
  3. Junagarh Fort
  4. Mehrangarh Fort
  5. Lohagarh Fort
  6. Taragarh Fort
  7. Jalore Fort
  8. Nagaur Fort
  9. Shergrah Fort

#India #rajasthan #Jaipur-Jaighar fort

 Rajasthan – The Incredible State of India

Rajasthan, the royal land,

Heritage lives in its sand,
Here is culture, here is art,

Hathi safari and camel cart,
Bhangarh fort is a haunted point,

Alwar Sariska both are joint,
Dargah sharif is god’s sample,

One in world Brahma temple,
State is covered by Aravali ranges,

Mysteries happen and climate changes,
Fatehsagar lake is water’s side,

Awesome looks and boat ride,
Sajjangarh is mezmerising

Here u can see “sun rising”.
Pink city has 8 gates

All are open on all dates,
Jaisalmer is desert’s town,

Camel there is a famous noun,
Come here and enjoy past ,

Past here will never last,
State of heritage, state of culture

State of literature and architecture.

राजस्थान - भारत का अतुल्य राज्य

राजस्थान, शाही भूमि,
विरासत अपनी रेत में रहता है,

यहां संस्कृति है, यहां कला है,
हाथी सफारी और ऊंट गाड़ी,

भांगढ़ किला एक प्रेतवाधित बिंदु है,
अलवर सरिस्का दोनों संयुक्त हैं,

दरगाह शरीफ भगवान का नमूना है,
दुनिया में एक ब्रह्मा मंदिर,

राज्य अरावली पर्वतमाला द्वारा कवर किया गया है,
रहस्य और जलवायु परिवर्तन होते हैं,

फतेहसागर झील पानी की तरफ है,
बहुत बढ़िया लग रहा है और नाव की सवारी,

सज्जनगढ़ मेज़मेरिंग है
यहां आप "सूर्य उदय" देख सकते हैं

गुलाबी शहर में 8 द्वार हैं
सभी सभी तिथियों पर खुले हैं,

जैसलमेर रेगिस्तान का शहर है,
ऊंट एक प्रसिद्ध संज्ञा है,

यहाँ आओ और अतीत का आनंद लें,
यहां पिछले कभी नहीं चलेगा,

विरासत का राज्य, संस्कृति की स्थिति
साहित्य और वास्तुकला राज्य

CHITTORGHAR FORT




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Udaipur-Maharana Pratap

                                                            Raja Maharana Paratap In 1568 during the reign of Pratap's father, Udai S...